Predation is known to have a significant effect on life history diversification in a variety of species.However, physical constraints of body shape and size can sometimes limit life history divergence.We test this idea in the Costa Rican livebearing fish Alfaro cultratus.Individuals in this species have a narrow body and keeled ventral sequal eclip
Abstract Bacterial biofilms are surface-attached communities that are difficult to eradicate due to a high tolerance to antimicrobial agents.The use of non-biocidal surface-active compounds to prevent the initial adhesion and aggregation of bacterial pathogens is a promising alternative to antibiotic treatments and several antibiofilm compounds hav
IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) signaling is essential for optimal stability and function of CD4(+)CD25(hi)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg); a cell type that plays an integral role in maintaining tolerance.Thus, we hypothesized that decreased response to IL-2 may be a common phenotype of subjects who have autoimmune diseases associated with variants in the